Assistant Professor Dr.Abdulkareem Mahmood, He holds a bachelor’s degree from the College of administration and Economics, Department of Economics, University of Baghdad in 1981. He holds a master’s degree from the College of administration and Economics, Department of Economics, University of Baghdad in 1987. He holds a PhD from the College of administration and Economics, Department of Economics, University of Baghdad in 2004. Holds the scientific title of Assistant Professor in 2015. Faculty member, Department of Financial and Banking Sciences, College of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Al-Kitab University.